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2 Sheets-Sheet t. W. H. CHURCHMAN.

Ventilating Apparatus.

Patented Aug. -14, 1860.

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. Ventilating Apparatus. NO- 29,571; t Patented Aug. 14. 1860.

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WILLIAM H. CHURCHMAN, OF JANESVILLEhWISC-ONSIN.

FURNACE FOR HEATING BUILDINGS.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 29,571, dated August I4, 1860.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, VILLIAM H. CHURCH- MAN, of Janesville, in the county of Rock and State of Visconsin, have invented a new and useful improvement in the method of warming and Ventilating apartments in dwelling-houses and other buildings by airheating furnaces; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, in which- Figure l, is a horizontal section of the improved furnace, at the line A, of Fig. 5. Fig. 2, is a horizontal section of the same, at the line B, of Fig. 5. Fig. 8, is a horizontal section of the same, at the line C, of Fig. 5. Fig. 4L, is a front elevation of the said furnace. Fig. 5, is a side elevation of the same. Fig. 6, is a vertical section of the same, at the line D, of Fig. 5, showing also, in section, a pair of ventiducts proceeding from the furnace to one of the apartments of the building to be warmed'and ventilated.

Similar letters in the drawings, refer to corresponding parts throughout.

The aim of this invention is to supply to dwellings and other buildings a mild, genial, and healthful warmth, similar to that derived fromV steam and hot-water fixtures,

but without their complication and expensiveness, and at the same time to secure a perfect control, of the Ventilating currents, whereby the influx of fresh air, either warmed or unwarmed, and the discharge of vitiated air, may be readily graduated to meet any requirement.

The device employed for the accomplishment of these ends consistsof an air-heating furnace of peculiar construction, located in the cellar or basement of the building, together with one or more pairs of Ventiducts or flues, D-F, EY-G, leading from and to each apartment t be warmed and ventilated; whereby the air to be warmed and conveyed to said apartment, may be drawn either directly from the same or from without the building, at the election of the occupant, and the vitiated air rapidly with'- drawn and discharged into t-he open air. By this arrangementwhich will be more fully described hereafter, it will be seen that the apparatus is made to perform the double office of heater and ventilator.

VThe furnace walls which may be constructed of brick or any other suitable material, are made double, with air-spaces intervening, after the ordinary manner of hotair furnaces.

The air-heating surface is made up of a number of compound drums, or tubular rareiers, C-c-C, through which the Ventilating currents are made to pass in their way from and to the several apartments of the building, a moderate degree of heat being applied to the exterior surfaces of these rarefiers and communicated, through their substance, to the air within. These rarefiers may be constructed of iron., either wrought or cast, or of any other suitable metal, and even of terra cotta or any like substance. They differ in size and number according to the building in which the apparatus is employed, and are disposed-in one or more regular series within the walls of the furnace, as indicated by the drawing.

The appliances for generating the heat and diffusing it uniformly over the extended surfaces of said raretiers, whereby a mild, healthful temperature is imparted to the Ventilating currents, consist of the tirespace with its grate, S; the central smoke and directly into the chimney, e, when the damper, T, is open; the side fiues, b, b, through which, when the damper, T, is closed, t-he smoke and gases return tothe front of the furnace; the cast iron plates, V, V, V, which, cover the fire-space and smoke flues just described, transmitting the heat from these to the chamber above, among the rarefiers; and the openings, X, X, in said plates, V, V, through which the smoke and gases, upon their ret-urn to the front, ascend into the heating chamber, or main body of the furnace passing among the rareers on their way back to the chimney, e, and imparting most of their heat to the same before reaching the exit opening, a,'-whioh opening, a, is placed at the bottom of the chamber, rather than the top, in order to retain as much of the heat as possible.

is a rod for operating the damper, T; Y, Y, are iron covers to the return flues, b, which can be removed for cleaning out the same; and, Z, is a door for entering the furnace to make repairs etc.

lVhen a strong, direct draft is required, as during the starting of the fire the damper, T, is opened; but at all other times said damper is kept shut, so as to return the flue, CZ, which leads to the back of the furnace smoke and gases to the front of the furnace, and pass them among the rarefiers, as described, thus effecting a very important saving in the expenditure of heat.

Vith the arrangements here described, the furnace is designed for burning anthracite coal, coke or dry wood. Vhen bituminous coal or green wood is the fuel used, the smoke is not allowed to escape into the heating chamber', but returned from the front of the furnace to the chimney through a T pipe, connecting the openings, X, X, with the exit opening, a.

In the side walls of the furnace are longitudinal hot-air chambers, A, A, with which the rareers communicate through their upper drums, C, said chambers being united by a channel or flue, A', constructed in the front wall. In these' hot-air chambers, A, A, and their connecting Yflue, A, are placed transversely, several stop-dampers, M, M, M, O, of original construction, for dividing the same, at pleasure, into subchambers of greater or less size according to the amount of warmth or ventilation required at any given time for each of the several apartments of the building. Correspondent to said hot-air chambers, and below them in the side walls, are cold air-chambers, B, B, with which the rarefiers also communicate, through their lower drums, C', said cold-air chambers being likewise united by a flue, B', and provided with similar stop-dampers, N, N, O, for dividing them as inthe case of the hot-air chambers.

In the described hot-air chambers, and covering their entire bottoms which are composed of thin iron, are shallow evaporating pans, P, I), to be kept supplied with water for moistening the rareed air as it leaves the furnace. Immediately under these pans, and separated from them only by the thin iron plates upon which they rest are horizontal chambers or flues, It, R, extending through their entire length, and communieating by suitable openings with the interior of the furnace; which openings are provided with registers or dampers, Q, Q, for controlling the amount of heat admitted to the evaporators.

I-Iaving thus given a detailed description of the furnace proper, II now proceed to describe the remaining portions of the apparatus, which are employed in the application of my improved system to the purposes of warming and ventilation, as follows gfrom the described hot-air chambers, A, A, to each of the apartments to be warmed and ventilated, proceed one or more ventiducts or flues, D-F, for the ascent of the heated air, the number of the same depending upon the size of the apartment, these ventiducts instead of terminating in the apartments, as is the case with ordinary hot-air flues, are

or past the same in the walls to appropriate outlets in the top of the building, and each provided with two registered openings, into the apartment 'for which it is designed, one, K, near the floor and the other, J, near the ceiling of the same; while just above each of said openings is inserted a damper, L, for cutting oif the ascending current of warm air, at pleasure, and throwing it into the room. Correspondent to said hot-air iiues, just described and proceeding from the coldair chambers, B, B, is a like number of ventiducts, E-G, for the descent of the cold air to the furnace. These last named ventiducts which are located on opposite sides of the rooms from their corresponding hotair ducts when practicable, are likewise continued through or past the respective apartments for which they are designed, to appropriate outlets above, and provided with similar registered openings, IFI, I, and dampers, L, for controlling the point lfrom which the cold air shall be drawn, as well as the supply of the same. Now by suitable adjustments of the registers at, H, I, J, K, and their accompanying dampers, L, together with the stop-dampers, M, O, in the hot-air chambers, A, A, and connecting iue, A, and the corresponding stop-dampers, N, O, in the cold-air chambers, B, B, and connecting flue, B, the ventilatingcurrents may be perfectly controlled, whatever be the force or direction of, prevailing winds. That is, supposing the hot-air and cold-air chambers to be so divided by the stop-dainpers into as many distinct subchambers as there are rooms in use at any given time, as to properly apportion the rarefiers among them, whereby downward drafts in the hotair iiues, and the robbing of the short ones by the long are eiectually prevented, the cold-air may, at pleasure either be withdrawn from the room at top or bottom, and returned to the same in a warm state, entering at top or bottom; or a supply may be drawn from without and above the building where the atmosphere is purest, and discharged warm into the rooms, at top or bottom; the same being effected either with spontaneous ventilation through the upper registers when the rooms are in use, 0r, without ventilation when the rooms are not in use, and it is desired to economize the heat. Or the vitiated air may be withdrawn from the rooms through either the top or bottom register and discharged above the building, through the continuations of the hot-air fiues without being allowed to reenter the rooms; thus establishing a very eiiicient forced ventilation for either winter or summer use.

The advantages gained, in the processes of both ventilation and warming by the above described arrangement of ventiducts continued in an upward Vdirection through l in combination with the furnace and its appliances for properly tempering and moistening the Ventilating currents are too obvious to need pointing out in a more especial manner.

O11 the twenty third of November, eighteen hundred and fty eight, Letters Patent were granted to the undersigned for an improvement in the method of warming and Ventilating buildings, with which the above described apparatus may at first sight seem to interfere; but which upon examination of the claim, will be found to differ essentially from the present one in all that is here claimed as original. F or, in the previous patent, the claim granted, was for the peculiar arrangement and combination there specified, of the warm-air and cold-air ducts,

' registered openings and dampers in the hotair flue; while in the present apparatus the arrangement and combination of the ventiducts, registers and dampers are widely different, the cold-air duct being located as far as practicable in the room, from the warmair duct instead of alongside of it, and continued like the warm-air duct through to the top of the building, instead of terminating in the room, besides being provided with a couple of dampers; in which last respect, the arrangement of the former warm-air duct also dilfers from that of the present; this, having two dampers, and that, but one.

I do not claim as new, the warming of the Ventilating currents by passing them through pipes or chambers surrounded wholly or in part by some heated medium, for this has frequently been done before in various ways; nor the mere drawing' of the cold air from the rooms, either to be returned again in a warm state or discharged from the building through some appropriate channel, for this has also been done before in a variety of ways; nor the arrangement and combination of the ventiducts, registers and dampers, so far as these are the same as 1 in my previous patent, alluded to above; nor do I confine myself to the particular number form and size of the rarefying chambers, C-c-C, shown in the acompanying drawings. But

lVhat I do claim'as new and wish to secure by Letters Patent is l. The combination and arrangement of the fire-space with or without the grate, S, central flue, d, smoke damper, T, return fines, Z), b, covering plates, V, V, V, openings in plates, X, X, and exit opening, a, with or Without the T pipe for returning the smoke to the chimney substantially as described, whereby the heat is economized and diffused over the surfaces of the rareiiers, C-c-C.

2. The arrangement of the hot-air chambers, A, cold-air chambers, B, and connecting flues, A', B, in the walls of the furnace with or without the stop-dampers, M, N, O, 0', substantially as described, whereby all or any number of the rarefiers, C-c-C, may be connected at pleasure.

3. The combination and arrangement of the evaporating pans, P, P, flues, R, R, and registered openings, Q, Q, substantially as set forth whereby any required degree of heat may be imparted to the water in the pans, and all of the warmed air made to pass directly over the surface of the same in its passage from the furnace.

4. The combination and arrangement of the rarefiers, C-c-C, hot-air-chambers,A, cold-air-chambers, B, connecting lines, A', B', stop-dampers, M, N, O, O, ventiducts, D-F, E-G, registers, H, I, J, K, and dampers, L, above the registers, substantially as described, whereby the warming and Ventilating currents may be perfectly controlled as set forth.

lV. H. CHUBCI-IMAN.

Witnesses z G. R. CUsTIs, M. S. LARNED. 

